Uko wirinda uburiganya bwa buruse n'amafaranga atagakwiye kubaho
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Tekereza ko ubutumwa bugeze kuri telefoni yawe. Buravuga ko umwanya wa buruse ugutegereje, kandi ikigusabwa ni ukwishyura amafaranga make ngo uwizere. Nyuma y'amezi y'ishakisha, ibyo bagutangiye bisa n'inkuru nziza, kandi ni cyo gituma byoroha kwishyura utabanje kugenzura.
Iyi ngingo igufasha gutandukanya ubwoko bubiri bw'ubwishyu: amafaranga ikigo gisaba by'ukuri nk'igice cyo kwakira abanyeshuri, n'ubwishyu umuntu agusaba ngo aguhe buruse. Ubwa mbere bushobora kuba busanzwe. Ubwa kabiri ni bwo ugomba kwanga.
Amafaranga amwe ni ay'ukuri, kandi ni ay'ikigo
Si buri mafaranga yose ari ikimenyetso cy'ikibazo. Mastercard Foundation ivuga ko ibigo dufatanya bigena amafaranga byo kwakira abanyeshuri, kandi ko byinshi muri byo bisaba amafaranga nk'igice cy'ubusabe. Aho ikigo dufatanya gisaba amafaranga, Fondasiyo ivuga ko asubizwa umukandida iyo atoranyijwe kwiga iyo porogaramu.
Bityo amafaranga ubwayo nta cyo yerekana. Icy'ingenzi ni uwo yishyurwa n'icyo ayakorerwa. Amafaranga ajya ku kigo usaba, unyuze ku rubuga rw'ikigo ubwarwo, ni igice cyo gusaba. Amafaranga ajya ku muntu, ku muhuza (agent) cyangwa ku itsinda, kugira ngo ubone buruse, ni ikindi kintu.
Abatanga buruse ntibagusaba amafaranga
Imiryango itatu ivuga ikintu kimwe mu magambo yayo. Mastercard Foundation ivuga ko itigera isaba amafaranga abantu ku giti cyabo cyangwa ngo ibasabe kwishyura. University of Cape Town ivuga ko abatanga inkunga b'ukuri batasaba kwishyura amafaranga mu ntoki ngo abanyeshuri bemezwe inkunga. University of South Africa (Unisa) ivuga ko gusaba inkunga y'abanyeshuri y'ukuri ari ubuntu, kandi ikagira inama abanyeshuri kwirinda ibyo bavuga ko ari buruse ariko by'ibinyoma, bisaba amafaranga yo "gutunganya" (processing) mbere y'igihe.
Iyo ubishyize hamwe, bishushanya umurongo usobanutse. Niba hari amafaranga, aba ari ay'uburyo ikigo cyakira abanyeshuri. Buruse ubwayo ntabwo ari ikintu wishyurira.
Uko kwigana porogaramu nyayo bigaragara
Abanyaburiganya bifashisha amazina y'porogaramu abantu basanzwe bizera. Mastercard Foundation ivuga ko izi ko hari inyandiko kuri Facebook zamamaza gutoranya abanyeshuri ba Scholars Program yayo kandi zisaba amafaranga yo gusaba, kandi ko ayo matsinda nta cyo ayihuriyeho na yo. University of Cape Town yatangaje ko hari ibyapa byamamaza by'urwego rwo hanze byazengurukaga muri kampasi kaminuza itabyemeye, kandi ivuga ko amahirwe y'inkunga y'ukuri atondagurwa cyane ku kibaho cyayo cya buruse (bursary noticeboard).
Muri byombi porogaramu nyayo ifite inzira yayo. Mastercard Foundation ibwira abasaba gusaba mu buryo butaziguye binyuze kuri kaminuza dufatanya bashaka kwigamo, bityo umuntu wiyita ushakisha abanyeshuri (recruiter) uri hagati yawe na kaminuza aba asanzwe ari hanze y'iyo nzira.
Icyo gukora mbere yo kwishyura cyangwa gusangiza ikintu
Intambwe ya 2, 4, 6 na 7 hepfo zikurikira ibyo inkomoko zivuga. Izindi ni inama zifasha mu bikorwa.
- Shaka buruse ku rubuga rwemewe rw'uyitanga ubwe, ugereranye n'ibivugwa mu butumwa.
- Saba unyuze mu nzira uyitanga avuga. Kuri Mastercard Foundation, ni kaminuza dufatanya.
- Ishyura ikigo cyangwa uyitanga ubwe gusa, unyuze mu buryo bwo kwishyura bugaragara ku rubuga rwe rwemewe.
- Ntuzigere usangiza amagambo y'ibanga, kode zikoreshwa rimwe (one-time codes) cyangwa amakuru ya banki, uwabisaba wese. Unisa itanga inama imwe ku makuru yo kwinjira, OTP n'amakuru ya banki.
- Genda gahoro. Igitutu cyo kwishyura vuba ni impamvu yo guhagarara ukagenzura.
- Baza ikigo. University of Cape Town ibwira abanyeshuri kubaza ibiro byayo bishinzwe amafaranga (Fees Office) iyo babonye itangazo ry'inkunga ritera ugushidikanya.
- Bimenyeshe. Mastercard Foundation isaba rubanda kumenyesha ibikorwa by'uburiganya bikekwa inzego z'umutekano zo mu gace, no kuri Fondasiyo. Unisa itanga nomero ya telefoni yo gutanga amakuru ku buriganya (whistleblower hotline).
Niba utazi neza niba buruse ari iy'ukuri, uko wabona buruse wujuje ibisabwa bikwereka uko usoma urupapuro rw'uyitanga n'aho wemerezwa inzira.