Uko wasaba kwiga muri kaminuza muri Nigeria unyuze kuri JAMB
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Muri Nigeria ntoherereza kaminuza imwe ubusabe bumwe. Urwego rw'igihugu, Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB), ni rwo ruyobora ikizamini cyo kwinjira na sisitemu yo kwakira abanyeshuri, kandi kaminuza wahisemo zinyura muri yo.
Iyi ngingo igufasha guhitamo icyo ubanza gutegura n'inzira ikubereye, hanyuma ikerekana uko umwanya wawe ukugeraho n'uko ugenzura ko kaminuza yemewe. Niba ugereranya ibihugu, uko kwakira abanyeshuri bikorwa muri Afurika bitanga ishusho rusange.
Icyo JAMB ikora n'impamvu bikureba
Nk'uko JAMB ibivuga, inshingano zayo zirimo gutegura ikizamini cya matriculation cyo kwinjira muri kaminuza, polytechnics n'amakoleji y'uburezi (colleges of education). Ifite kandi ububasha bwo gushyira abakandida bujuje ibisabwa mu bigo by'amashuri makuru. Bityo isomo n'ikigo wahisemo byandikwa muri JAMB, kandi ikigo kigusabira kwakirwa muri iyo sisitemu ubwayo.
Iyo sisitemu ni Central Admissions Processing System (CAPS). JAMB ivuga ko CAPS ikoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kwakira abanyeshuri kandi igamije gukuraho kwakirwa ahantu henshi, bivuze ko umukandida umwe atagomba kugira imyanya myinshi icyarimwe. Ku miryango, isomo ni rimwe kandi ryoroshye: ibyerekeye kwakirwa kwawe byose bishobora gukurikiranirwa ku rubuga rwa JAMB ubwarwo, kandi ushobora kuharebera imiterere yawe igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.
Tangirira ku Profile Code yawe
Mbere ya byose ukeneye Profile Code, kandi impapuro z'ubufasha za JAMB zivuga ko ikorwa hashingiwe ku National Identification Number (NIN) yawe. Wohereza ubutumwa bugufi (SMS) burimo "NIN", akanya k'ubusa na NIN yawe y'imibare 11 kuri 55019 cyangwa 66019, ugasubizwa ubutumwa burimo Profile Code y'inyuguti 10. SIM yawe ikeneye nibura ₦50 y'amafaranga yo guhamagara (airtime), kandi nomero woherejeho iba nomero yawe yanditse yo kukumenyesha ya JAMB.
Kubera icyo gice cya nyuma, koresha nomero ya telefoni uzabika kandi ugenzura wowe cyangwa umuryango wawe. Amakosa mu makuru yawe ashobora gukosorwa nyuma, ariko nk'uko ubufasha bwa JAMB bubivuga gukosora bigura ₦2,500 kandi bisaba kugenzurwa hakoreshejwe ibimenyetso by'umubiri (biometric verification) ku kigo cya CBT cyangwa ku biro bya JAMB by'intara (state office).
UTME cyangwa Direct Entry
Inzira ufata ishingiye ku aho utangirira. JAMB itondagura Direct Entry ukwayo ku rubuga rwayo, kandi impapuro z'ubufasha zivuga ko umukandida wa Direct Entry azana ibi bikurikira:
- impamyabumenyi y'umwimerere, nka A-Level certificate, ND cyangwa HND statement of results, NCE, cyangwa transcript ya Cambridge cyangwa IJMB
- urupapuro rwacapwe rwemeza ibisubizo bya O-Level, ku nshuro zitarenze ebyiri zo gukora ikizamini
- JAMB registration e-Slip na Profile Code yawe
- indangamanota zemewe (official transcript), zoherezwa mu buryo butaziguye ku kigo wahisemo cya mbere
Niba ahubwo uva mu ishuri ryisumbuye, wiyandikisha ugakora ikizamini cya matriculation. Impapuro za JAMB ntizisobanura uko kimeze cyangwa amafaranga yacyo, bityo uzisome ku rubuga rwa JAMB ku mwaka ugezweho.
Ibisubizo, imyanya no guhindura umutima
Ibisubizo byawe bya O-Level ni ingenzi mu byiciro byose. Ubufasha bwa JAMB buvuga ko ibisubizo bya WAEC, NECO cyangwa NABTEB bigomba gushyirwa no kugenzurwa ku rubuga rwawe rwa CAPS, kandi CAPS ivuga ko umukandida ugitegereje ibisubizo agomba kubishyiraho mbere yo gusuzumwa. Niba imiterere yawe igira iti "Not Admitted" cyangwa "Admission in Progress", ibya mbere byo kugenzura ni uko ibisubizo byawe byemejwe kandi ko ikigo cyawe cyagusabiye kwakirwa.
CAPS ivuga ko abakandida bemeza imyanya batangiwe by'agateganyo (provisional admissions), bityo komeza ugenzure imiterere yawe ku rubuga. Niba gahunda zawe zihindutse, ubufasha bwa JAMB buvuga ko ushobora guhindura ibyo wahisemo kuva ku cya mbere kugeza ku cya kane ku kigo cya CBT cyemewe nyuma y'uko ibisubizo bya UTME bisohotse, mu gihe amafaranga yawe ya Remita yishyuwe. Niba ibimenyetso by'intoki zawe bitemejwe mu nzira, jya ku biro bikuru bya JAMB by'intara (JAMB State Headquarters) bikwegereye kandi ntiwiyandikishe mu mazu yo kuri interineti (cafes) atemewe.
Amanota, imyaka n'ibyo ibigo byongeraho
JAMB ivuga ko inama yayo y'ibyemezo bya politiki yo mu 2026 (policy meeting), yabaye ku wa 11 Gicurasi 2026, yagennye amanota make yo kwakirwa ya 150 kuri kaminuza n'amakoleji y'ubuforomo, na 100 kuri polytechnics, monotechnics, amakoleji y'ubuhinzi, amakoleji y'uburezi n'ibigo bya innovation enterprise (innovation enterprise institutions). Imyaka make yo kwakirwa ni 16. Ibi ubifate nk'ibyo hasi, si amasezerano: ikigo gishobora gusaba byinshi, bityo soma ibisabwa by'isomo wahisemo mbere yo kwiringira amanota.
Genzura ko kaminuza yemewe
Mbere yo gushora imbaraga ku cyo wahisemo, reba urwego rubishinzwe. National Universities Commission (NUC) ivuga ko umurimo wayo ari ukwemera impamyabumenyi za kaminuza, kandi urubuga rwayo rutanga imirongo ijya ku bisubizo byo kwemerwa bya porogaramu z'icyiciro cya mbere, iz'icyiciro cya kaminuza cyisumbuye (postgraduate), iz'ibigo bifatanya (affiliate) n'iz'ikigo cyose (institutional). Urubuga rutondagura kaminuza 77 za leta nkuru (federal), 69 za leta z'intara (state) na 182 zigenga. Niba utabona kaminuza cyangwa porogaramu aho, baza mbere yo kwishyura ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose, kandi usome uko wirinda uburiganya bwa buruse n'amafaranga atagakwiye kubaho kugira ngo umenye ubwishyu busanzwe.